This report provides a pragmatic guide to the use of low-cost sensors, based on applied research and field experience, including the identification of monitoring objectives and the questions for which LCSs can be used, technical specifications, and quality assurance/quality control. This report focuses on the use of low cost sensors (LCS) for the measurement of the mass concentration of PM2.5, the...

CARB provides standard procedures for maintaining and operating air monitoring stations and detailed instructions for acceptance testing, maintaining, troubleshooting, and calibrating specific analyzers or support equipment. The accuracy and/or validity of data obtained from any analyzer depends upon analyzer performance and operator proficiency. Deviations from the recommended procedures set fort...

The growing rural-urban migration and increase in population in Ghana, may exacerbate the already inadequate infrastructure available to manage pollution in urban areas. The cities of Accra and Tema host most of the country's industries, some of which use old technologies and emit pollutants above the permissible levels. The vehicle fleet of Ghana continues to increase with the population of regis...

This report describes the principles and methodologies to be used for the demonstration of the equivalence of methods other than the EU reference methods. It is intended for use by laboratories nominated by National Competent Authorities (see Directive 2008/50/EC) to perform the tests relevant to the demonstration of equivalence of ambient-air measurement methods. The building blocks of the equiva...

Core requirements for the EU to to protect human health and the environment as a whole and to combat emissions of pollutants at the source and to identify and implement the most effective emission reduction measures at local, national and Community level....

This chapter provides guidance on the quantification of uncertainties in emissions inventories and is aligned with the‘2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories’ guidance (IPCC 2019). This chapter provides the user with a basic understanding of the issues of emission inventory uncertainty, with default values to be used in a first uncertainty analysis and describes t...

This chapter addresses how to identify key categories 1 in a national inventory. Methodological choice for individual source and sink categories is important in managing overall inventory uncertainty. Generally, inventory uncertainty is lower when emissions and removals are estimated using the most rigorous methods provided for each category or subcategory in the sectoral volumes of these Guidelin...

This chapter provides guidance in estimating and reporting uncertainties associated with both annual estimates of emissions and removals, and emission and removal trends over time. It is written from the viewpoint of the inventory compiler and provides, with examples, two approaches for combining category uncertainties into uncertainty estimates for total national net emissions and the trend....

HYSPLIT is a complete system for computing simple air parcel trajectories, as well as complex transport, dispersion, chemical transformation, and deposition simulations. HYSPLIT continues to be one of the most extensively used atmospheric transport and dispersion models in the atmospheric sciences community. A common application is a back trajectory analysis to determine the origin of air masses a...

The EPA Unmix 6.0 Fundamentals & User Guide provides references and details on how to use Unmix.Unmix seeks to solve the general mixture problem where the data are assumed to be a linear combination of an unknown number of sources of unknown composition, which contribute an unknown amount to each sample....