This European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) briefing on the “Roadworthiness package” summarizes EU policy and legislative context around vehicle roadworthiness, including periodic technical inspection and related measures.​It can support policy design discussions on inspection regimes, compliance systems, and governance arrangements that also influence vehicle emissions performance in-use....

UNITAR’s Road Safety Initiative webpage presents online training and resources related to road safety, positioned within UNITAR’s broader capacity-building offerings.​It can support transport-focused capacity building that links safer road systems with co-benefits for emissions reduction strategies (e.g., safer, better-managed fleets and enforcement).​...

Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 is a core EU legal act setting type-approval requirements for emissions from light passenger and light commercial vehicles under the Euro 5 and Euro 6 framework, alongside provisions on access to repair and maintenance information.​It is commonly used as a benchmark for jurisdictions designing light-duty emissions standards, compliance frameworks, and supporting provisi...

This Science Advances research article examines how on-road remote sensing can rapidly identify high-emitting vehicles and evaluates associated air-quality benefits.​It is a useful evidence base for monitoring and enforcement strategies that prioritize high emitters and complement emissions standards and inspection/maintenance programs.​...

This European Commission guidance note describes best practices for preparing, conducting, and following up on on-road emissions tests using Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for light-duty vehicles.​It supports capacity building for real-driving emissions (RDE) style testing by detailing recommended procedures, instrumentation considerations, and data recording parameters....

The Kuala Lumpur Transport Strategic Plan (ASEAN Transport Strategic Plan) 2016–2025 is a regional policy framework guiding ASEAN transport cooperation and integration, setting goals, actions, and milestones across transport sub-sectors including sustainable transport.​It is a useful reference for aligning national or subnational transport and air-quality measures with regional priorities, includi...

This report (TERI; hosted on the Shakti Foundation site) focuses on improving inspection and maintenance programs for in-use vehicles in India, providing evidence and recommendations relevant to I/M policy design and implementation.​It can support national standards and regulations work by highlighting program design elements, enforcement considerations, and expected air-quality benefits from stre...

TransportPolicy.net’s India motorcycles emissions standards page provides a concise policy reference on emissions standards for motorcycles in India, supporting quick benchmarking and stakeholder communications.​It is relevant to standards and regulations workstreams focused on two- and three-wheeler fleets and their emissions impacts in urban areas....

TRUE Initiative’s “Remote sensing 101” explains how roadside remote sensing systems use absorption spectroscopy and a light source/detector setup to measure pollutant concentrations in exhaust plumes from passing in-use vehicles.The page notes that each measurement lasts less than one second and lists pollutants that can be estimated (e.g., NO, NO2, CO, HC, CO2, SO2, NH3), with particulate matter ...

This study examines the continued environmental importance of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) despite the global transition toward electric vehicles. It identifies major challenges affecting vehicle emission control, including manufacturer cheating, owner tampering, malfunctioning emission systems, and weak in-service emissions programs. The analysis shows that these issues significant...