The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to promulgate new GHG standards for heavy-duty highway vehicles starting in model year (MY) 2028 through MY 2032 and to revise certain GHG standards for MY 2027 that were established previously under EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles—Phase 2 rule (‘‘HD GHG Phase 2’’)...

This agreement covers the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis on these prescriptions. It provides for uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants...

Road-transport vehicles are a major source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), and harmful emissions like particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (IPCC, 2022). Because these pollutants are largely determined at the point of design, governments use legally binding vehicle-emission standards—alongside fuel quality—as a primary regulatory tool. These standards set maxim...

Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 establishes EU-wide type-approval requirements for heavy-duty vehicles and engines under the Euro VI framework, with the stated objective of harmonising technical emissions requirements to support the internal market while ensuring a high level of environmental protection.​The Regulation also sets rules on in-service conformity, durability of pollution control devices, ...

US EPA’s Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) policy and technical guidance page compiles guidance and supporting materials for designing, implementing, and evaluating I/M programs.​It is a practical reference for national or subnational agencies building capacity on program elements such as test procedures, oversight, quality assurance, and emissions benefits estimation....

This UN document presents the UNECE 1958 Agreement framework for harmonized technical regulations for wheeled vehicles, equipment, and parts, including reciprocal recognition of approvals under UN Regulations.​It is foundational for capacity building and institutional arrangements related to vehicle regulatory harmonization, type approval, and cross-border alignment of technical standards....

This East African Community (EAC) standard (DEAS 1047:2021) sets requirements and test approaches for vehicular exhaust emission limits, covering multiple vehicle categories (including passenger cars, commercial vehicles, motorcycles, and motor tricycles).​It can be used as a technical and regulatory reference for jurisdictions developing or updating vehicle emissions standards and associated comp...

This ECOWAS supplementary act relates to harmonization in a regional regulatory context and is presented as a legal instrument supporting coordinated standards and enforcement approaches across member states.​It can be used as a reference when discussing regional alignment of vehicle-related standards and procedures that underpin emissions control and compliance in cross-border vehicle markets....

Vietnam's air quality has declined over the past few decades, especially in urban areas. There is a noticeable decrease in air quality in certain areas due to vehicle emissions. This article aims to assess the automotive emission standards of Asian nations and draw comparisons with Vietnam's emission laws. However, there are significant differences between the present emis...

This European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) briefing on the “Roadworthiness package” summarizes EU policy and legislative context around vehicle roadworthiness, including periodic technical inspection and related measures.​It can support policy design discussions on inspection regimes, compliance systems, and governance arrangements that also influence vehicle emissions performance in-use....