The Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) TA-9919 REG: Integrated and Innovative Solutions for More Livable Cities supports the efforts of developing members to build livable cities that are green, competitive, inclusive, and resilient by applying innovative and integrated solutions in project development, design, and execution. Approved in 2019, TA-9919 is aligned with ADB’s Strategy 2030 and its Operat...

European motor vehicle emission control legislation has not been effective in controlling emissions of all regulated air pollutants from light-duty diesel vehicles. Deficiencies in the current regulatory approach have been made clear in recent years. More and more diesel car manufacturers have been found to have deliberately circumvented the spirit of emission control legislation by optimizing sys...

In-use vehicles are a major source of greenhouse gases, short-lived climate pollutants, and criteria air pollutants (UNEP/CCAC, 2025). While vehicle emission standards address new vehicles, Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs are the primary tool for controlling emissions from the existing fleet. This role is critical because modern emission-control technologies are highly sensitive to poor ...

The Project of Safer and Cleaner Used Vehicles for Africa was established to contribute to the safer sustainable development of Africa by creating access to safer and cleaner used vehicles. Various studies have been carried out by different international bodies on the quality of the vehicle fleet in developing countries and commonalities in these studies (two of which are examined in Chapter 3) wa...

Air pollutants of concern include traffic-related air pollution, including particulate matter in respirable coarse and fine size fractions. There are no critical studies to date into associations between knowledge, awareness, and attitudes in using proper respiratory masks and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among urban street vendors in Thailand. In this study, authors estimated adverse respir...

Vehicle-related air pollution is a major challenge in Kampala, Uganda, where annual average ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution exceeds World Health Organization guidelines by at least 8 times. The heavy reliance on privatecars, motorcycles, and informal minibus transport systems presents a challenge for addressing traffic-related air pollution in the city, and comprehensive policies...

Vehicular emissions are the largest contributor to air pollution in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). Although the national Program for the Control of Air Pollution Emissions for Motor Vehicles (PROCONVE) drove down vehicle emissions and promoted cleaner vehicle technologies by setting emission limits, the SPMA’s annual average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate ma...

Paragraph 5.9.4 of the 2017 National Framework for Air Quality Management in Republic of South Africa (National Framework), requires that the National Air Quality Officer reports, on an annual basis, on the progress relating to the implementation of the National Framework and additional information on air quality management. This report is known as the National Air Quality Officer’s Report. A set ...

This webpage provides an overview of worldwide engine and vehicle dynamometer test cycles used for emission and fuel economy measurement, including global test cycles for light and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as national test cycles from the United States, Europe, Japan, China and Australia....

Development and use of remote vehicle emissions sensing has been growing in recent years. Early systems were pioneered by the University of Denver, funded initially by the Colorado Office of Energy Conservation and later by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in the late 1980s. In the past decade, use of remote sensing has increased dramatically, especially in China.Vehicle remote sensing te...