This paper examines the how the South Asian countries are addressing their energy deficiency as the capacity to refine imported crude oil is limited except India. India has developed substantial refining capacity (247.6 million tons per annum) compared to Pakistan (18.8 mtpa) and Bangladesh (1.5 mtpa). India’s refining capacity is being currently utilized nearly 100%. Having no local refining capa...

The Oil Information data service contains time series of oil data for 38 OECD countries and 14 European non-OECD countries from 1960 to 2023 with provisional estimates for 2024. Country aggregates for OECD Total, OECD Americas, OECD Asia Oceania, OECD Europe, IEA Total, EU27 (excluding the United Kingdom) and EU28 are also included.Statistics are available for detailed supply/demand balances, end-...

This document provides a roadmap for the development and implementation of fuel economy policies for ASEAN Member States (AMS), aimed primarily at regulators in government agencies who are or who should be involved in fuel economy policy development. The roadmap is intended to serve as catalyser to engage all relevant stakeholders from government, industry and academia. It not only addresses exper...

The Directive 2010/75/EU — known as the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) — establishes an integrated approach to controlling industrial pollution across the EU. It requires industrial installations to operate under environmental permits based on Best Available Techniques (BAT), with emission limit values set accordingly. It covers large plants in sectors such as energy, manufacturing...

This Roadmap for Harmonization of Vehicle Emission Standards in East Africa has been developed as part of PCFV/UN Environment’s support towards helping the East Africa subregion to initiate discussion on harmonization of vehicle emission standards in addition to helping individual nations in the sub-region to develop roadmaps for effective vehicle emissions inspection and maintenance (I/M) program...

This presentation by the ECOWAS Commission on the Status of implementation of the ECOWAS Directive on harmonised specifications for automotive fuels (gasoline and diesel) covers the following:GeneralityProcess of preparation of the harmonised specificationsMain study conclusionsMotivation for the harmonisationPresentation of the DirectiveSensitisation in Member StatesCurrent implementation status...

This EU Directive regulates the quality of petrol and diesel fuels placed on the internal market. It sets technical and environmental specifications for fuel used in road vehicles and non-road mobile machinery (including agricultural tractors, inland water‐way vessels when not at sea, recreational craft etc.).  Key rules include maximum sulphur content, limits on lead in petrol, provisions on...

Air pollution from road transport-related tailpipe emissions is a well-documented risk to human health. This study assesses the health impacts of these emissions under business-as-usual and various policy scenarios across 186 countries and territories, including 13 135 urban areas, until 2040, at a 1 km resolution. We evaluate emissions for 15 scenarios based on different combinations of key emiss...

Highlights50 percent of urban vehicle emissions and associated health impacts currently occur in regions that account for only twenty percent of global vehicle activity, especially developing regions of the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and the Asia-Pacific.Diesel trucks and buses, especially those with minimal emission controls, account for more than 80 percent of global fine particle and n...