US EPA’s Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) policy and technical guidance page compiles guidance and supporting materials for designing, implementing, and evaluating I/M programs.​It is a practical reference for national or subnational agencies building capacity on program elements such as test procedures, oversight, quality assurance, and emissions benefits estimation....

This UN document presents the UNECE 1958 Agreement framework for harmonized technical regulations for wheeled vehicles, equipment, and parts, including reciprocal recognition of approvals under UN Regulations.​It is foundational for capacity building and institutional arrangements related to vehicle regulatory harmonization, type approval, and cross-border alignment of technical standards....

This East African Community (EAC) standard (DEAS 1047:2021) sets requirements and test approaches for vehicular exhaust emission limits, covering multiple vehicle categories (including passenger cars, commercial vehicles, motorcycles, and motor tricycles).​It can be used as a technical and regulatory reference for jurisdictions developing or updating vehicle emissions standards and associated comp...

This ECOWAS supplementary act relates to harmonization in a regional regulatory context and is presented as a legal instrument supporting coordinated standards and enforcement approaches across member states.​It can be used as a reference when discussing regional alignment of vehicle-related standards and procedures that underpin emissions control and compliance in cross-border vehicle markets....

Vietnam's air quality has declined over the past few decades, especially in urban areas. There is a noticeable decrease in air quality in certain areas due to vehicle emissions. This article aims to assess the automotive emission standards of Asian nations and draw comparisons with Vietnam's emission laws. However, there are significant differences between the present emis...

This European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) briefing on the “Roadworthiness package” summarizes EU policy and legislative context around vehicle roadworthiness, including periodic technical inspection and related measures.​It can support policy design discussions on inspection regimes, compliance systems, and governance arrangements that also influence vehicle emissions performance in-use....

UNITAR’s Road Safety Initiative webpage presents online training and resources related to road safety, positioned within UNITAR’s broader capacity-building offerings.​It can support transport-focused capacity building that links safer road systems with co-benefits for emissions reduction strategies (e.g., safer, better-managed fleets and enforcement).​...

Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 is a core EU legal act setting type-approval requirements for emissions from light passenger and light commercial vehicles under the Euro 5 and Euro 6 framework, alongside provisions on access to repair and maintenance information.​It is commonly used as a benchmark for jurisdictions designing light-duty emissions standards, compliance frameworks, and supporting provisi...

This Science Advances research article examines how on-road remote sensing can rapidly identify high-emitting vehicles and evaluates associated air-quality benefits.​It is a useful evidence base for monitoring and enforcement strategies that prioritize high emitters and complement emissions standards and inspection/maintenance programs.​...

This European Commission guidance note describes best practices for preparing, conducting, and following up on on-road emissions tests using Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for light-duty vehicles.​It supports capacity building for real-driving emissions (RDE) style testing by detailing recommended procedures, instrumentation considerations, and data recording parameters....