The Project of Safer and Cleaner Used Vehicles for Africa was established to contribute to the safer sustainable development of Africa by creating access to safer and cleaner used vehicles. Various studies have been carried out by different international bodies on the quality of the vehicle fleet in developing countries and commonalities in these studies (two of which are examined in Chapter 3) wa...

Air pollutants of concern include traffic-related air pollution, including particulate matter in respirable coarse and fine size fractions. There are no critical studies to date into associations between knowledge, awareness, and attitudes in using proper respiratory masks and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among urban street vendors in Thailand. In this study, authors estimated adverse respir...

Vehicle-related air pollution is a major challenge in Kampala, Uganda, where annual average ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution exceeds World Health Organization guidelines by at least 8 times. The heavy reliance on privatecars, motorcycles, and informal minibus transport systems presents a challenge for addressing traffic-related air pollution in the city, and comprehensive policies...

Vehicular emissions are the largest contributor to air pollution in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). Although the national Program for the Control of Air Pollution Emissions for Motor Vehicles (PROCONVE) drove down vehicle emissions and promoted cleaner vehicle technologies by setting emission limits, the SPMA’s annual average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate ma...

Paragraph 5.9.4 of the 2017 National Framework for Air Quality Management in Republic of South Africa (National Framework), requires that the National Air Quality Officer reports, on an annual basis, on the progress relating to the implementation of the National Framework and additional information on air quality management. This report is known as the National Air Quality Officer’s Report. A set ...

This webpage provides an overview of worldwide engine and vehicle dynamometer test cycles used for emission and fuel economy measurement, including global test cycles for light and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as national test cycles from the United States, Europe, Japan, China and Australia....

Development and use of remote vehicle emissions sensing has been growing in recent years. Early systems were pioneered by the University of Denver, funded initially by the Colorado Office of Energy Conservation and later by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in the late 1980s. In the past decade, use of remote sensing has increased dramatically, especially in China.Vehicle remote sensing te...

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to promulgate new GHG standards for heavy-duty highway vehicles starting in model year (MY) 2028 through MY 2032 and to revise certain GHG standards for MY 2027 that were established previously under EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles—Phase 2 rule (‘‘HD GHG Phase 2’’)...

This agreement covers the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis on these prescriptions. It provides for uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants...

Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 establishes EU-wide type-approval requirements for heavy-duty vehicles and engines under the Euro VI framework, with the stated objective of harmonising technical emissions requirements to support the internal market while ensuring a high level of environmental protection.​The Regulation also sets rules on in-service conformity, durability of pollution control devices, ...