Surface ozone (O3) pollution has adverse impacts on the yield of winter wheat. The North China Plain (NCP), one of the globally significant primary regions for winter wheat production, has been frequently plagued by severe O3 pollution in recent years. In this study, the effects of O3 pollution on winter wheat yield and economic impact were evaluated in the NCP during the 2015–2018 seasons using t...

Authors assess wheat yield losses occurring due to ozone pollution in India and its economic burden on producers, consumers, and the government. Applying an ozone flux–based risk assessment, authors show that ambient ozone levels caused a mean 14.18% reduction in wheat yields during 2008 to 2012. Furthermore, irrigated wheat was particularly sensitive to ozone-induced yield losses, indicating that...

The profound changes in global SO2 emissions over the last decades have affected atmospheric composition on a regional and global scale with large impact on air quality, atmospheric deposition and the radiative forcing of sulfate aerosols. Reproduction of historical atmospheric pollution levels based on global aerosol models and emission changes is crucial to prove that such models are able to pre...

Advances in manufacturing and trade have reshaped global nitrogen deposition patterns, yet their dynamics and drivers remain unclear. Here, authors compile a comprehensive global nitrogen deposition database spanning 1977–2021, aggregating 52,671 site-years of data from observation networks and published articles. This database show that global nitrogen deposition to land is 92.7 Tg N in 2020. Tot...

The AERONET web site provides data analysis and dissemination tools. Data may be viewed in charts using the data display interface, acquired using the data download tool, analyzed and downloaded with related data sets using the BAMGOMAS data display interface, or analyzed off-line using a number of analysis tools provided by AERONET/PHOTONS....

Under the EU-UNDP collaborative global project, Advancing Health and Environmental Sustainability through Action on Air Pollution, a global initiative was launched to address pollution and its impact on public health. This project focuses on reducing air pollution and related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by strengthening multi-sectoral stakeholder governance at national and local levels. It ha...

GEMMES is a macroeconomic modelling tool that takes into account climate dynamics (mitigation and adaptation) and the scarcity of natural resources in its assessment of macroeconomic, social and financial risks. GEMMES makes it possible to test transition policies.ObjectivesProvide a quantitative representation of the macroeconomic impacts of ecological transitions in order to inform decision make...

MANAGE-WB is a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model developed by a network of CGE modelers to support World Bank teams and clients in conducting macroeconomic analyses across a broad range of topics. It is a single-country, open-economy CGE model featuring multiple sectors, institutions, and factors of production. This paper presents the model’s structure and implementation, including its gr...

The Envisage model is a global recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model developed originally at the World Bank. Envisage has been developed to assess the interactions between economies and the global environment as affected by human-based emissions of greenhouse gases. At its core, Envisage is a relatively standard recursive dynamic multi-sector multi-region CGE model. It is compleme...

The GEM-E3 model (General Equilibrium Model - Economy, Energy, Environment) is a global multi-sectoral general equilibrium model. GEM-E3 covers the interactions between the economy, the energy system and the environment. The model is used to calculate macro-economic impacts such as GDP, welfare, consumption, trade, employment, sectoral output, and carbon price.It covers all EU Member States and th...