Rapid urbanization is a growing global concern that challenges sustainability in cities. Urban trees provide several ecosystem services, such as climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and air-pollution removal. Thesustainable benefits of these services imply the preservation of urban forests in developing countries, where trees are frequently removed and replaced by buildings and other infrastr...

Climate justice means putting equity and human rights at the core of decision-making and action on climate change.The concept has been widely used to refer to the unequal historical responsibility that countries and communities bear in relation to the climate crisis. It suggests that the countries, industries, businesses, and people that have become wealthy from emitting large amounts of greenhous...

This Assessment presents an updated emissions budget, new projections of ozone, climate and air quality impacts under different scenarios, and the most recent evaluations of effectiveness and costs of abatement measures across all major sectors. It also introduces some of the potential risks of new decarbonization technologies, including ammonia as a fuel for marine shipping, on nitrous oxide emis...

At its twenty-fifth session (Geneva, 10–13 December 2007), the Executive Body for the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution established the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN). In accordance with its revised mandate set out in the annex to decision 2018/6, the Task Force is required to report on progress in its work to the Working Group on Strategies and Review.The present report...

Environment and Climate Ministers  today adopting the Cape Town Ministerial Declaration on Crimes that Affect the Environment and the Cape Town Ministerial Declaration on Air Quality.The Declaration marks the first time air pollution has risen to the top of the forum’s global agenda, signaling growing international recognition of its links to climate and health.The Cape Town Ministerial Decla...

The Air Quality Management Programme to Improve Air Quality in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area(ProAire ZMVM) 2021–2030 is regarded as the environmental agenda for air quality for the coming years. It sets out various measures and activities to be undertaken by local and federal governments to restore the trend of falling emissions seen in recent decades, for the benefit of the more than 21 milli...

The design of the  Air Quality Management Programme for the Mexico Valley Metropolitan Area2021–2030 (ProAire ZMVM 2021–2030) is based on a deep diagnosis of the emission sources and atmospheric conditions, and from a series of participatory processes with relevant stakeholders and scientists. This instrument establishes goals, measures and actions with a public health vision and the objectiv...

The Code was developed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) to assist municipal, federal, provincial, and territorial governments in their response to air quality problems, energy efficiency, firewood and carbon conservation, and enhance measures for fire prevention and protection.The Code will aid municipalities in by-law and program development to help drive change-outs...

The Ammonia Guidance Document represents the authoritative international reference on ammonia mitigation. This update to a previous version (document ECE/EB.AIR/120) will allow Parties and others to benefit from substantial new information from developments over the last 14 years. The Ammonia Guidance Document reports the performance of a wide range of options that can be used to reduce ammonia em...

Cities in Africa are growing fast: over 65% of the population will live in urban areas by 2060. This rapid urbanisation is drastically increasing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. So how can African cities catalyse growth that is fast, fair and sustainable?This report looks at the potential benefits of tackling air pollution and climate change together in six cities: Accra, Cairo, Johann...