The Integrated Science Assessment for Sulfur Oxides – Health Criteria is a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science, and has been prepared as part of the review of the primary (health-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Sulfur Oxides (SOx)under the Clean Air Act. The SOx ISA, in conjunction with additional technical and policy assessments, provides...

This final report provides the U.S. EPA’s evaluation and synthesis of the most policy-relevant science related to the health effects of gaseous oxides of nitrogen. It provides a critical part of the scientific foundation for the U.S. EPA’s decision regarding the adequacy of the current primary (health-based) national ambient air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide....

The Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants is a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science, and has been prepared as part of the review of the primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants under the Clean Air Act. Welfare effects are non-h...

The Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Particulate Matter is a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science, and has been prepared as part of the review of the primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Particulate Matter (PM) under the Clean Air Act. Welfare effects are non-health effects which, according to...

Lead is one of six principal (or “criteria”) pollutants for which EPA has established NAAQS. EPA periodically reviews the scientific basis for these standards by preparing an ISA. The external review draft of the Pb ISA was reviewed by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC), an independent science advisory committee mandated by Section 109 (d) (2) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). The 2024 ...

This report is EPA’s latest evaluation of the scientific literature on the potential human health and welfare effects associated with ambient exposures to CO. The development of this document is part of the Agency's periodic review of the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for CO. The recently completed CO ISA and supplementary annexes, in conjunction with additional technical and poli...

Air pollution is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Short-term exposure (from one hour to days) to selected air pollutants has been associated with human mortality. This systematic review was conducted to analyse the evidence on the effects of short-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less or equal than 10 and 2.5 µm (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO...

The document "Air Pollution and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air" by the World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the severe impact of air pollution on children's health. It emphasizes that both ambient and household air pollution contribute significantly to childhood illnesses and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The report calls for urgent action from healthcare ...

The systematic evaluation of the results of time-series studies of air pollution is challenged by differences in model specification and publication bias. Authors' data show independent associations between short-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 and daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in more than 600 cities across the globe. These data reinforce the evidence of a link betwee...

Previous studies suggest an association between short-term exposure to carbon monoxide and myocardial infarction. Authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess current evidence on this association to support the update of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Air Quality Guidelines....