The report investigates the impact of solid waste management to the population health in Accra, Ghana. The main goal of the study is to inform local air quality and climate change policies. The study investigated the framework of SWM in Accra, assessed the contribution of urban SWM activities to local air pollution and climate change by estimating the quantity of short-lived climate pollutants (SL...

This report includes discussions on transport and health data availability, and analysis for specific transport scenarios for the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), using the Integrated Sustainable Transport Health Assessment Tool (iSThAT). The tool provides a framework for the rapid assessment of health and economic benefits. Three mitigation scenarios have been modelled to compare the effec...

This report shows situation of ambient air pollution in Accra, Ghana and its implications to public health. For the health risk assessment, values collected and modelled reveal that (1) for the city of Accra: PM2.5 average concentration levels equal to 49.5 μg/m3, from residential monitoring stations in 2014–2015; and (2) for the whole Greater Accra region: PM2.5 average equal to 36.0 μg/m3, from ...

The paper titled "Revisión rápida: contaminación del aire y morbimortalidad por Covid-19" analyzes the relationship between air pollution and increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The study, which reviewed 450 manuscripts, found that chronic and acute exposure to air pollutants like particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen dioxide is associated with higher COVID-19 incidence and mo...

The objective of this review is to support the derivation of updated guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO) by performing a systematic review of evidence of associations between long-term exposure to particulate matter with diameter under 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and particulate matter with diameter under 10 µm (PM10), in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. As there is especially ...

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution damages the human brain. Fossil fuel burning for transportation energy accounts for a significant fraction of urban air and climate pollution. While current United States (US) standards limit PM ambient concentrations and emissions, they do not regulate explicitly ultrafine particles (UFP ≤ 100 nm in diameter). There is a growing body of evidence sugge...

Regardless of whether one lives in a rural or urban area, in a city or suburb, pollutants are ubiquitous in the air we breathe. The public health dangers of air pollution exposure are well documented (Sun & Zhu, 2019), and older adults are considered one of the most at-risk populations for adverse health impacts from air pollution (Simoni et al., 2015). Other groups with a disproportionate health ...

Ultrafine particles (PM0.1), which are present in the air in large numbers, pose a health risk. They generally enter the body through the lungs but translocate to essentially all organs. Compared to fine particles (PM2.5), they cause more pulmonary inflammation and are retained longer in the lung. Their toxicity is increased with smaller size, larger surface area, adsorbed surface material, and th...

Keswani and colleagues review the linkages between climate change and air pollution and suggest strategies that clinicians may use to mitigate the adverse health impacts of air pollution....

This briefing presents information for 2021 of the estimated harm to human health caused by three key air pollutants: fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. This year’s assessment also presents an estimation of the health impacts associated with specific diseases to which air pollution contributes....