This policy brief describes how SEI’s Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and Integrated Benefits Calculator can help countries plan coherent emission reduction strategies with health benefits....

Authors have carried out a cross-sectional observational study in Nairobi, Kenya, comparing the respiratory characteristics and environmental exposures of children attending schools within the informal settlement of Mukuru with children attending schools in the nearby more affluent residential area of Buruburu. The aims of the Tupumue (Swahili for ‘let us breathe’) study were to investigate whethe...

Future changes in exposure to risk factors should impact mortality rates and population. However, studies commonly use mortality rates and population projections developed exogenously to the health impact assessment model used to quantify future health burdens attributable to environmental risks that are therefore invariant to projected exposure levels. This impacts the robustness of many future h...

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels that is linked to mortality and morbidity. Household air pollution from burning fuels on poorly ventilated stoves can lead to high concentrations of CO in homes. There are few datasets available on household concentrations of CO in urban areas of sub-Saharan African countries. CO was measured every minu...

This report presents the results of a systematic review of evidence of the health effects of black carbon (BC). Short-term epidemiological studies provide sufficient evidence of an association of daily variations in BC concentrations with short-term changes in health (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and cardiopulmonary hospital admissions). Cohort studies provide sufficient evidence of ass...

This paper summarizes the evidence about the health effects of air pollution from particulate matter and their implications for policy-makers, with the aim of stimulating the development of more effective strategies to reduce air pollution and its health effects in the countries of eastern Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia....

Residential heating with wood and coal is an important source of ambient (outdoor) air pollution; it can also cause substantial indoor air pollution through either direct exposure or infiltration from outside. Evidence links emissions from wood and coal heating to serious health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Wood and coal burning also emit carcinogenic com...

The guidance document focuses on health and environmental improvements by assessing the effects of air pollutant emissions from 2005 and projecting them to 2020 under the amended Gothenburg Protocol. It evaluates indicators such as mortality related to particulate matter and ozone exposure, acidification, eutrophication, and impacts on biodiversity and materials. The document aims to inform policy...

The following technical report outlines the rationale, process and results of a joint research study, coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), co-chaired by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection and the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development in collaboration with the Climate and Climate Air Coalition, the Stockholm Envi...

The report "Reducing Global Health Risks Through Mitigation of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants" highlights the significant impact of SLCPs like black carbon, methane, and ozone on both climate change and public health, attributing millions of premature deaths annually to air pollution. It emphasizes that mitigating SLCP emissions can yield substantial health benefits by reducing air pollution, impr...