The aim of this ‘Spatial emission mapping’ chapter is to provide guidance on how to spatially distribute national air emissions to:Support the link between emission data and air quality models that need emissions information at a proper spatial, temporal and sectoral resolution;Facilitate countries in (improving) the gridding of their emission inventories of air pollutants under the United Nations...

The Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions (CACES) was a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional research center that focused on questions at the nexus of air, climate, energy and human health. CACES developed and applied novel measurement and modeling approaches to understand the spatial and temporal differences in human exposures to air pollution and associated health outcomes. CACES used ...

Under the US Clean Air Act, US Congress recognized that visibility is a resource to be valued and preserved now and for future generations, and set forth a national goal that calls for “the prevention of any future, and the remedying of any existing, impairment of visibility in mandatory Class I federal areas which impairment results from manmade air pollution.” The Regional Haze Rule (RHR) expand...

Authors employ the online coupled WRF/Chem model to study air pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during winter and summer. They utilize three nested domains with horizontal resolutions down to 2 km, over the area of interest. Dust, sea-salt, and biogenic emissions are calculated online, while anthropogenic emissions are based on the EDGAR-HTAP global emission inventory. A new, up-to-date and...

Air quality is modelled at high resolution over Lebanon (5 × 5 km) and Beirut (1 × 1 km) using the WRF/Polyphemus modeling system for the year 2014. The observation data collected from the recently deployed national air quality monitoring network as well as ground measurement from a long-term campaign are used to evaluate both models performance. Statistical indicators are calculated and compared ...

This report describes the methods used to map emissions in the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI). The maps provide spatially resolved modelled estimates of emissions compiled at 1x1km resolution for each SNAP2 sector. One set of maps is produced for the most recent inventory year, as the inventory is reported two years in arrears, so maps for 2019 have been produced this year. The...

This methodological tool determines the CO2 emission factor for the displacement of electricity generated by power plants in an electricity system, by calculating the “combined margin” emission factor (CM) of the electricity system....

Traffic emissions are an important source of air pollution worldwide, but in the Middle East, this problem is exacerbated by weak or no enforcement of emission regulations. Comprehensive measurements of fine PM emission factors (EFs) from road transport in the region have not yet been conducted, but such data are necessary for quantitative assessments of the health impact of transport emissions in...

Road transport is a major source of anthropogenic emissions especially in the Middle East where the regulations enforcement is generally poor. This study aims to quantify the Emission Factors (EF) of traffic-related gaseous and particulate pollutants inside the Salim Slam urban tunnel in Beirut, Lebanon. The fuel-based emission factors of measured pollutants were from the carbon mass balance model...

This chapter from the EMEP Guidebook explains the tiered approach used to define the generic levels of detail and rigour required for inventory compilation and how to identify the key categories for which higher tiered methods are required. This chapter draws extensively on guidance issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for estimating emissions of greenhouse gases, and in particu...