In-use vehicles are a major source of greenhouse gases, short-lived climate pollutants, and criteria air pollutants (UNEP/CCAC, 2025). While vehicle emission standards address new vehicles, Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs are the primary tool for controlling emissions from the existing fleet. This role is critical because modern emission-control technologies are highly sensitive to poor ...

Road-transport vehicles are a major source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), and harmful emissions like particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (IPCC, 2022). Because these pollutants are largely determined at the point of design, governments use legally binding vehicle-emission standards—alongside fuel quality—as a primary regulatory tool. These standards set maxim...

Crop Residue Burning (CRB) or open burning of vegetation to prepare land for resowing remains a persistent issue globally. This practice is especially prevalent among farmers growing paddy, wheat, sugarcane, and maize (FAOSTAT, 2023).  Between 2003 and 2020, an average of 81 million hectares (Hall et al., 2024) of cropland area was burned annually. Deeply rooted in agricultural traditions, CR...

Crop Residue Burning (CRB) or open burning of vegetation to prepare land for resowing remains a persistent issue globally. This practice is especially prevalent among farmers growing paddy, wheat, sugarcane, and maize (FAOSTAT, 2023).  Between 2003 and 2020, an average of 81 million hectares (Hall et al., 2024) of cropland area was burned annually. Deeply rooted in agricultural traditions, CR...

Crop Residue Burning (CRB) or open burning of vegetation to prepare land for resowing remains a persistent issue globally. This practice is especially prevalent among farmers growing paddy, wheat, sugarcane, and maize (FAOSTAT, 2023).  Between 2003 and 2020, an average of 81 million hectares (Hall et al., 2024) of cropland area was burned annually. Deeply rooted in agricultural traditions, CR...

The AQMx Sectoral Guidance turns proven clean-air and climate solutions into clear, actionable steps towards policies and measures that reduce air pollutants and short-lived climate pollutants. Each guidance package breaks down what to do, how to do it, and what capacities are needed at national and local levels to deliver results. It brings together the best available knowledge from partner organ...

Global demand for transport (for both passenger and freight) is growing rapidly, and it is predicted to triple between 2019 and 2050 (OECD 2019). The global vehicle fleet is projected to more than double from 1.2 billion to 2.5 billion between 2015 and 2050, with most of the growth occurring in Low- and  Middle-Income Countries (World Bank 2017).Despite progress made on fuel efficiency and el...

Global demand for transport (for both passenger and freight) is growing rapidly, and it is predicted to triple between 2019 and 2050 (OECD 2019). The global vehicle fleet is projected to more than double from 1.2 billion to 2.5 billion between 2015 and 2050, with most of the growth occurring in Low- and  Middle-Income Countries (World Bank 2017).Despite progress made on fuel efficiency and el...

Global demand for transport (for both passenger and freight) is growing rapidly, and it is predicted to triple between 2019 and 2050 (OECD 2019). The global vehicle fleet is projected to more than double from 1.2 billion to 2.5 billion between 2015 and 2050, with most of the growth occurring in Low- and  Middle-Income Countries (World Bank 2017).Despite progress made on fuel efficiency and el...

Global demand for transport (for both passenger and freight) is growing rapidly, and it is predicted to triple between 2019 and 2050 (OECD 2019). The global vehicle fleet is projected to more than double from 1.2 billion to 2.5 billion between 2015 and 2050, with most of the growth occurring in Low- and  Middle-Income Countries (World Bank 2017).Despite progress made on fuel efficiency and el...