Open waste burning (OWB) refers to the deliberate or spontaneous combustion of household and other municipal refuse without any control of emissions.  38% of global waste, 810 million tonnes per year, is ‘uncontrolled’ (UNEP, 2024), which means it is either openly dumped or burned.  Globally, 14% of people burn their waste as the primary means of managing it when it leaves their home, ri...