DHS surveys collect primary data using four types of Model Questionnaires. A Household Questionnaire is used to collect information on characteristics of the household's dwelling unit and characteristics of usual residents and visitors. It is also used to identify members of the household who are eligible for an individual interview. Eligible respondents are then interviewed using an Individual Wo...

Key facts:6 countries and sub-national jurisdictions announced or updated renewable targets for transport in 2022In 2022, total investment in electric transport was equivalent to 80% of the total investment in renewablesTransport is the fastest growing energy-consuming sector, at an average rate of 2% per year10 countries and sub-national jurisdictions reduced or suspended their biofuel blending m...

The policy rule implements the supervision and enforcement by the Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate (ILT) of the duty of care set out in Section 9.2.1.2 of the Environmental Management Act concerning the quality of petrol and diesel intended for export to low and middle income countries1 outside the EU. This policy rule includes specifications for both fuels produced for on-road use and...

This study provides support for implementing the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) “Fuel Economy Roadmap for the Transport Sector 2018-2025: with Focus on Light-Duty Vehicles” (hereinafter referred to as “ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap”), which is key to sustainable transport in the region. It examines policies for making light-duty vehicles more energy-efficient and less carbon dioxide ...

Attempts have been made in the past to mark or identify various fuel products in order to prevent fraud. For example, fuel marking with dyes has been in use since the 1950s but can be easily defeated using cheap and simple methods to launder out the dye. However, newer technologies using molecular markers as part of an overall fuel supply chain protection program have proven to reduce existing cri...

This presentation provides an overview of the harmonisation of fuel quality standards in East African Community partner states....

The aims of the Climate Finance Access and Mobilization Strategy are to ensure climate finance is mobilized, accessed, used, scaled up, tracked and transparently reported in a manner that contributes effectively to the achievement of climate change goals and low-emission development in EAC partner States. The Strategy directly supports the EAC vision for 2050, especially its Environment and Natura...

This report aims to provide possible alternative routes for improving fuel quality in the Arab countries. The Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Environment (CAMRE) requested from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) to work on introducing cleaner fuels in the region. This document proposes...

Countries in South Asia are suffering severe PM2.5 pollution with rapid economic development, impacting human health and the environment. Whilst much attention has been given to understanding the contribution of primary emissions, the contribution of agriculture to PM2.5 concentrations, especially from agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions, remains less explored. Using an advanced regional atmosphe...

This Technical Guide for the Development of Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategies in Africa has been developed to assist African countries in formulating their LT-LEDS. This guide is motivated by the fact that, by June 2024, very few African countries (only ten) had developed and communicated their LT-LEDS to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Additionally,...