This report presents the manufacturing costs of emission control technology used to meet recent U.S. and European emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines and vehicles. The costs assessed include both the in-cylinder technologies to control engine-out emissions and the aftertreatment technologies that act on the exhaust stream. With the benefit of hindsight, this report focuses on the prim...

Biomass burning is a common agricultural practice, because it allows elimination of post harvesting residues; nevertheless, it involves an inefficient combustion process that generates atmospheric pollutants emission, which has implications on health and climate change. This work focuses on the estimation of emission factors (EFs) of PM2.5, PM10, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), carbon ...

Introduction: Ethiopian rural households primarily rely on fuelwood as their main energy Q7 source, yet the country lacks precise data on fuelwood harvesting and its economic significance. Consequently, there is limited understanding of CO2 emissions resulting from fuelwood use.Methods: This study aimed to estimate the annual amount of fuelwood collected and the associated CO2 and carbon (C) emiss...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Residential open waste burning remains a major environmental and climate challenge in Indonesia. Th study objectives were to conduct a comprehensive nationwideassessment of open burning by measuring its prevalence, recognizing spatial patterns, examining material composition, and revealing the behavioral influences that contribute to it. The ultimate objectives of this s...

Open biomass burning (OBB) is a significant source of air pollutants, profoundly impacting regional air quality and global climate change. However, due to the lack of high-resolution burned area products, limited biomass data resolution, and inappropriate emission factors (EFs), current OBB emission inventories have significant uncertainties. In this study, we integrated the FireCCI51 burned area ...

This study presents an emission inventory (EI) for major anthropogenic sources of Indonesia in 2007 and 2010. The EI was developed using a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches with comprehensive activity data collected at the provincial/district level to produce spatially and temporally distributed emission of toxic pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs). The sources were categorized i...

The Global database of household air pollution measurements, commissioned by WHO, provides an overview of methods and results from studies reporting household air pollution measurements. This database currently contains measurements from 196 studies from 43 countries. This database is useful for understanding the range of household and outdoor air pollution measurements that have been taken in a c...

Hazardous air pollution poses significant health and economic challenges for Nepal. Air pollution raises public health concerns in Nepal, particularly in the country’s two geographic hotspots: the Kathmandu Valley and the Terai (southern plain areas bordering India). In these two areas, the annual average particulate matter (PM) (i.e. PM of less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, which is the most ...

Low- and middle-income countries have the largest health burdens associated with air pollution exposure, and are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Substantial opportunities have been identified to simultaneously improve air quality and mitigate climate change due to overlapping sources of greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions and because a subset of pollutants, short-lived cl...

Air Benefit and Cost and Attainment Assessment System” (ABaCAS) is an integrated assessment system that connects air pollution emissions control and costs with air quality benefits, health and economic impacts, and air quality attainment tests. Developed jointly by an international team of scientists and U.S. EPA, ABaCAS is designed to provide researchers and policy makers with a user-friendly fra...