Air pollution is Europe’ s greatest environmental health risk. It reduces quality of life, causes diseases and leads to preventable deaths. Air pollution has steadily decreased across Europe over the last two decades. In particular, this is due to the implementation of European, national and local legislation to reduce emissions of air pollutants and improve air quality. As part of these policies,...

This report provides inputs for the inclusion of black carbon and air pollution mitigation in the long-term climate strategy of Chile. It includes the analysis of the black carbon emission reductions of the main sectoral measures for greenhouse gas mitigation and the impacts of long-term policies for air quality (decontamination plans) on black carbon and greenhouse gases emissions. ...

This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of historical (1990–2010) global anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions including the consistent and harmonized calculation of mass-based size distribution (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), as well as primary carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The estimates were developed with the integrated assessment model GAINS, w...

This report presents results from a comprehensive assessment of the benefits and costs of air quality management in the Santiago Metropolitan Region over the past three decades. During this time period, regulatory actions led to significant improvements in the region’s air quality. While these improvements are well documented, the benefits and costs of the regulatory action remain poorly understoo...

The NowCast uses hourly PM measurements to estimate a real-time AQI. The daily AQI for PM is calculated using a 24-hour average, meaning the true AQI can’t be calculated until that period is over.To provide an AQI estimate in real time, the NowCast uses a weighted average of the past 12 hourly measurements. When hourly PM measurements change quickly, the most recent hourly measurements of the past...

This report is the regulatory impact analysis (RIA) for the final amendments to the Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional (ICI) Boilers and Process Heaters NESHAP. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promulgating national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for new and existing industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers and process heaters. ...

This report presents the manufacturing costs of emission control technology used to meet recent U.S. and European emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines and vehicles. The costs assessed include both the in-cylinder technologies to control engine-out emissions and the aftertreatment technologies that act on the exhaust stream. With the benefit of hindsight, this report focuses on the prim...

Biomass burning is a common agricultural practice, because it allows elimination of post harvesting residues; nevertheless, it involves an inefficient combustion process that generates atmospheric pollutants emission, which has implications on health and climate change. This work focuses on the estimation of emission factors (EFs) of PM2.5, PM10, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), carbon ...

Introduction: Ethiopian rural households primarily rely on fuelwood as their main energy Q7 source, yet the country lacks precise data on fuelwood harvesting and its economic significance. Consequently, there is limited understanding of CO2 emissions resulting from fuelwood use.Methods: This study aimed to estimate the annual amount of fuelwood collected and the associated CO2 and carbon (C) emiss...

Background and objectives:Residential open waste burning remains a major environmental and climate challenge in Indonesia. The study objectives were to conduct a comprehensive nationwide assessment of open burning by measuring its prevalence, recognizing spatial patterns, examining material composition, and revealing the behavioral influences that contribute to it. The ultimate objectives of this ...