Attempts have been made in the past to mark or identify various fuel products in order to prevent fraud. For example, fuel marking with dyes has been in use since the 1950s but can be easily defeated using cheap and simple methods to launder out the dye. However, newer technologies using molecular markers as part of an overall fuel supply chain protection program have proven to reduce existing cri...

This presentation provides an overview of the harmonisation of fuel quality standards in East African Community partner states....

The aims of the Climate Finance Access and Mobilization Strategy are to ensure climate finance is mobilized, accessed, used, scaled up, tracked and transparently reported in a manner that contributes effectively to the achievement of climate change goals and low-emission development in EAC partner States. The Strategy directly supports the EAC vision for 2050, especially its Environment and Natura...

This report aims to provide possible alternative routes for improving fuel quality in the Arab countries. The Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Environment (CAMRE) requested from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) to work on introducing cleaner fuels in the region. This document proposes...

Countries in South Asia are suffering severe PM2.5 pollution with rapid economic development, impacting human health and the environment. Whilst much attention has been given to understanding the contribution of primary emissions, the contribution of agriculture to PM2.5 concentrations, especially from agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions, remains less explored. Using an advanced regional atmosphe...

This Technical Guide for the Development of Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategies in Africa has been developed to assist African countries in formulating their LT-LEDS. This guide is motivated by the fact that, by June 2024, very few African countries (only ten) had developed and communicated their LT-LEDS to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Additionally,...

Around 90 percent of the population in Burkina Faso relies on biomass for cooking, contributing to deforestation, land degradation and indoor air pollution. This disproportionately affects women and children. In response, the World Food Programme launched a pilot project in 2025, introducing clean cooking - specifically solar-powered Electric Pressure Cookers (EPCs) in ten school canteens across v...

The residential sector is one of the main consumers of energy in Nepal, with cooking being a major end-use. Unprocessed solid biomass fuels are the primary cooking fuels, with approximately 60% of households relying on them for their cooking needs. However, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is entirely imported, is being widely adopted in urban areas. Electricity, which is primarily based on hy...

From October 2019 to May 2020, a team of five Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) master’s students were selected to work with the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) on a capstone project under the headline “Adopting Modern Energy Cooking Services in Lower Income Countries: Drivers & Constraints.” This broad topic was employed as a baseline to inform initial res...

The uptake of higher-tier (4+) clean cooking solutions, especially in last mile communities, is a critical but often underfunded and insufficiently prioritised need. Despite a diversity of viable technologies, including pure electric cooking (eCooking) powered by photovoltaic systems (solar PV) and PV-supported biomass gasifier stoves, as well as ethanol stoves, their widespread adoption remains a...