This webpage of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) covers the effects of acid rain on ecosystems and materials, as well as the others effects of NOx and SOx on visibility and human health....

The critical level of ozone flux for forest trees is based entirely on biomass data from fumigation experiments with saplings, mostly in open-top chambers. Extrapolation to mature forests asks, therefore, for validation, which may be performed by epidemiological data analysis. This requires a multivariable regression analysis with a number of covariates to account for potential confounding factors...

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is among the most pervasive and harmful air pollutants known to affect ecosystems. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency and other agencies are tasked with protecting plants and ecosystems from harmful O3 exposures. Controlled exposure experiments conducted in field open-top chambers (OTCs) with small tree seedlings have been used to estimate empirical m...

Records of effects of ambient ozone pollution on vegetation have been compiled for Europe for the years 1990–2006. Sources include scientific papers, conference proceedings, reports to research funders, records of confirmed ozone injury symptoms and an international biomonitoring experiment coordinated by the ICP Vegetation. The latter involved ozone-sensitive (NC-S) and ozone-resistant (NC-R) bio...

Experimental aim:To demonstrate whether ambient ozone concentrations cause visible damage to sensitive crops.To identify the extent of occurrence of visible injury on ozone-sensitive and ozone-resistant Phaseolus vulgaris in the differing ozone and physical climates.To quantify the reduction in pod yield of the ozone-sensitive Phaseolus vulgaris (but this might not be possible in very hot conditio...

Ozone (O3) is a damaging air pollutant to crops. As one of the most reactive oxidants known, O3 rapidly forms other reactive oxygen species (ROS) once it enters leaves through stomata. Those ROS in turn can cause oxidative stress, reduce photosynthesis, accelerate senescence, and decrease crop yield. To improve and adapt our feed, fuel, and food supply to rising O3 pollution, a number of Free Air ...

The tropical-grown crops common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), mung bean (Vigna radiate), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), amaranth (Amaranthus hypochonriacus), sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were exposed to different concentrations of the air pollutant ozone in experimental Solardome facilities. The plants were...

Context: Ozone (O3) air pollution and the emerging races of stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp.tritici Eriks. & E. Henn. (Pgt), continue to pose severe threats to global wheat production and food security. However, small grain crops tolerant to both abiotic and biotic stresses remain limited.Objective: The identification of potential wheat breeding material showing combined dif...

Although awareness that air pollution can damage vegetation dates back at least to the 1600s, the processes and mechanisms of damage were not rigorously studied until the late twentieth century. In the UK following the Industrial Revolution, urban air quality became very poor, with highly phytotoxic SO2 and NO2 concentrations, and remained that way until the mid-twentieth century. Since then both ...

Air quality negatively impacts agriculture, reducing the yield of staple food crops. While measured data on African ground-level ozone levels are scarce, experimental studies demonstrate the damaging impact of ozone on crops. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), an ozone-sensitive crop, are widely grown in Uganda. Using modelled ozone flux, agricultural surveys, and a flux-effect relationship, this ...